結(jié) 語
在一個(gè)傳播的數(shù)字化時(shí)代,在一個(gè)所謂的Web2.0時(shí)代,在一個(gè)“用戶生產(chǎn)內(nèi)容”和受眾主導(dǎo)的時(shí)代,受眾的積極性、主導(dǎo)型和互動(dòng)性的特性不容違背和忽視。托夫勒在其經(jīng)典的未來學(xué)著作《第三次浪潮》中提到,分眾化、個(gè)性化和碎片化是將來社會(huì)發(fā)展的基本趨勢(shì),傳播領(lǐng)域同樣如此。任何傳播企圖達(dá)到預(yù)訂的目標(biāo)和效果,必須尊重消費(fèi)者的能動(dòng)性和主體性,而不是強(qiáng)制傳播、惡性開發(fā)。從傳播學(xué)的對(duì)于受眾的研究來看,從“魔彈論”到“使用與滿足”理論,受眾的信息接受的主導(dǎo)型越來越強(qiáng)。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,受眾在傳播過程和傳播活動(dòng)中的角色是四個(gè)方面的結(jié)合體:傳播活動(dòng)的參與者、傳播符號(hào)的譯碼者、信息產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)者和傳播效果的反饋者,(張金海,姚曦,2006:208-209)可見在傳播活動(dòng)中任何的強(qiáng)制性傳播都將受到受眾的排斥、冷漠和抗拒。
美國(guó)學(xué)者馬克•波斯特在對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的人類傳播現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行考察后提出,我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了“第二媒介時(shí)代”,如果說傳統(tǒng)的大眾傳播媒介時(shí)代為“第一媒介時(shí)代”,傳播模式是為數(shù)不多的制作者將信息傳給為數(shù)甚多的消費(fèi)者,那么在“第二媒介時(shí)代”,隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,信息高速公路的介入以及衛(wèi)星技術(shù)與電話、電腦和電視的結(jié)合,一種雙向的去中心化的交流模式產(chǎn)生。“第二媒介時(shí)代”的也標(biāo)志著人類從大眾傳媒時(shí)代的單向、強(qiáng)迫性開始進(jìn)入了以互動(dòng)、個(gè)人自主性交流為主的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代。在一個(gè)受眾本位、數(shù)字化傳播時(shí)代,強(qiáng)制性傳播是否有它燦爛的明天?(馬克•波斯特,2000:78)而2008年中央電視臺(tái)3.15晚會(huì)曝光的分眾傳媒的“短信門”事件是對(duì)分眾傳媒的發(fā)展將來的一個(gè)巨大警示。2009年初,新浪收購(gòu)分眾傳媒消息公布的時(shí)候,兩只股票雙雙暴跌,市場(chǎng)的不信任感日益增強(qiáng)。分眾傳媒被復(fù)星集團(tuán)和新浪公司收購(gòu),本質(zhì)上是由于分眾傳媒在財(cái)務(wù)上和發(fā)展前景被投資方質(zhì)疑而導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本掀起的商業(yè)泡沫正在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的無情沖擊下迅速破碎,所謂的分眾類廣告媒體的強(qiáng)制性傳播正在遭受市場(chǎng)的無情拷問。
回歸受者本位,尊重受者的選擇權(quán)、互動(dòng)性和拒絕權(quán),是包括分眾傳媒在內(nèi)的所有分眾類傳媒發(fā)展的必須面對(duì)的選擇和解決的問題。但其傳播生態(tài)和傳播模式又使這種對(duì)于社會(huì)受眾的選擇權(quán)、互動(dòng)權(quán)與拒絕權(quán)的尊重成為不可實(shí)現(xiàn),美國(guó)PRN公司的命運(yùn)注定是中國(guó)分眾類廣告?zhèn)髅焦镜牟豢商颖艿慕Y(jié)果。
Critical Thinking on the Development of the Advertising Demassificational Media: An Audience-oriented Research
QIAN Guang-gui
(School of Humanity and Law,HuaZhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,430070,China)
Abstract: With the falling of the “Demassificational Communication Age”, the status of the receivers is enhanced in the communication process ,in this paper the author describes the evolution of communication from mass communication to demassificational communication, analyzes the activities of mass communication, especially, the basic characteristics and paradigms that advertising communication should have. Under this environment, those vigorous developed companies which sloganed with “demassificational communication” are essentially capital bubbles. After critical researches about the mode of communication and operation those companies are operating, the author puts forward a “recipients-oriented” idea. “Focus media company” and companies of the same kind, is running counter to the trend of basic communication, leads to a huge negative externalities and harmed the rights & interests of the audience. meanwhile, which worsens the whole advertising communication environment and malignantly develops the public attention. Respect for the audience` dominant position should be the basic premise, if such companies want to make a further development.
Key words: Demassificational Communication;Demassificational Media;Audience-oriented
[作者簡(jiǎn)介] 錢廣貴,男,華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)文法學(xué)院廣告系講師,武漢大學(xué)媒體發(fā)展研究中心媒介經(jīng)營(yíng)與管理專業(yè)博士生,主要從事廣告?zhèn)鞑ァ髅浇?jīng)營(yíng)管理研究。
——原載《中國(guó)傳媒報(bào)告》(China Media Report)2009年第3期
[注釋] [1]資料來源:北京人民廣播電臺(tái)網(wǎng)站,http://www.bjradio.com.cn/dtjs/. [2]美國(guó)網(wǎng)民數(shù)據(jù)來源:www.internetworldstats.com. [3]資料來源:媒體圈、生活圈——價(jià)值中國(guó)專訪分眾傳媒CEO江南春.價(jià)值中國(guó)網(wǎng),http://www.chinavalue.net/pvisit/jiangnanchun.aspx. [4]資料來源:分眾傳媒網(wǎng)站,http://www.focusmedia.cn/cn/aboutus/milestones.htm. [5]資料來源:分眾傳媒網(wǎng)站,http://www.focusmedia.cn/cn/news/FM-prefessional.htm. [6]數(shù)據(jù)來源:分眾傳媒網(wǎng)站,http://www.focusmedia.cn/cn/news/press%20release(08.03.19).htm. [7]觀點(diǎn)引自:分眾傳媒公司網(wǎng)站,http://www.focusmedia.cn/cn/news/FM-prefessional.htm.
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